Anxiety Is An Energy: Use It Wisely #WorldMentalHealthDay

Do not view anxiety negatively, do not deny it – use it for empowerment.

Anxiety is the green light to seek true purpose 

Anxiety is frequently viewed in a negative light – categorized as a weakness or an illness. However, it’s essential to recognize that anxiety is an intrinsic aspect of our existence. To experience emotions and thoughts is to encounter anxiety. How can you not be anxious when it is a natural response to a confusing and uncertain existence that you did not ask to be a part of? The key is to try living with-and-through your anxiety as you move forward into the unknown, and make those leaps of faith toward what you genuinely believe gives life its purpose and meaning, even in the face of mortality.

Recognising sources of anxiety

These might include misunderstandings due to different styles of communication and unexpected criticism. Unexpected sensory inputs can lead to prolonged stress like being expected to wear ill-fitting clothes but not being able (or allowed) to get changed. Disorganisation regarding financial matters, schedules, and deadlines can also pose difficulties. Additionally, issues related to self-esteem may arise, especially when we are denied the fundamental understanding that we often lack. This includes instances of disbelief, invalidation, and gaslighting when attempting to articulate our unique sensory experiences, as well as the perpetual need to justify our existence.

How to manage anxiety

To manage your anxiety you need to develop a noble quest. Just as a ship must leave harbour, you have to let go of something in order to move forward toward your purpose, for instance from overstimulation to spaciousness. This might involve actions like deactivating your TikTok account or abstaining from consuming news incessantly. Be aware of what you are looking at, and what you are listening to, You need to limit the amount of overstimulation coming into your senses. Otherwise, it becomes a white noise preventing you from attending to what you need to do. 

What happens next?

Set your mind for self-reflection, introspection and exploration. Let go of the need to be liked, and focus instead on just being good. Cultivate a genuine sense of individuality rooted in principles rather than being swayed by external influences. Embracing this ethical code will enable you to transition from distraction to focused concentration on self-reflection, introspection, and exploration. In the present moment, your thoughts will find clarity, and your anxiety will gradually dissipate.

Happiness 

Your happiness isn’t contingent upon obtaining everything you desire; it’s rooted in your mental state. Meditation serves as a means to safeguard your own happiness. In fact, it’s a pivotal factor in fostering the happiness of others as well. This isn’t to diminish your importance, but rather to emphasize the significance of aligning your own happiness with that of those around you. Your well-being resonates with others, highlighting the interconnectedness of happiness within a community.

Purposelessness

Chinese philosophy perceives Nature as devoid of a specific purpose, which, in the Western context, might be seen as negative. However, the Chinese view purposelessness as a form of praise. It’s akin to the continuous waves gently lapping against the shore, an eternal process without inherent meaning. Have you ever taken a walk with no particular destination in mind? At that moment, you embody perfect rationality because you’ve embraced purposelessness.

All music, too, is purposeless. If the goal of music were merely to reach the final note, then the best musician would be the fastest one. The same principle applies to dancing; the objective of dance is to dance itself. This perspective extends to your life as well, emphasizing the value of living in the present moment without constantly fixating on a future goal or outcome.

Let wisdom be your true purpose

Many individuals grapple with the notion that life must have a predefined purpose. Religious leaders often advocate following God’s purpose, yet when asked to define it, they often remain silent. Here lies a choice: Will you place your trust in Nature’s purposelessness, or will you opt for a path filled with rules, regulations, laws, and obligations in an attempt to find meaning?

To truly live, one must have faith and trust in the unknown, in a Nature devoid of a boss figure, for a boss implies a system of mistrust. There is a profound wisdom to be gained from experiencing moments of anxiety and insecurity. It’s a wisdom that is hard-earned, and it can become your authentic purpose – embracing the uncertainty and unpredictability of life as a means of personal growth and fulfillment.

Weekly Neuroscience Update

Credit: Psychological Bulletin (2023)

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Researchers have developed a model for studying one type of familial epilepsy, opening the door to understanding—and eventually targeting—the mechanisms that lead to the disorder and its associated fatalities.

A new study published in Nature Medicine sheds light on how biological sex influences brain function and its impact on the risk of various brain-related diseases.

A breakthrough technique developed by University of Oxford researchers could one day provide tailored repairs for those who suffer brain injuries. The researchers have demonstrated for the first time that neural cells can be 3D-printed to mimic the architecture of the cerebral cortex.

A research team has identified new potential treatments for children with rare genetic conditions of blood vessels, which cause severe, symptoms like seizures and impaired development.

Scientists have discovered new insights into how our brain stores episodic memories—a type of long-term, conscious memory of a previous experience—that could be critical to the development of new neuroprosthetic devices to help patients with memory problems, like Alzheimer’s disease and dementia.

A global blood test for concussion could be a step closer after a new study discovered specific proteins or biomarkers that can help diagnose concussions relatively quickly and accurately.

The brain circuitry that is disrupted in Alzheimer’s disease appears to influence memory through a type of brain wave known as theta oscillation, a team led by UT Southwestern Medical Center researchers report. The findings, published in Nature Communications, could help researchers design and evaluate new treatments for Alzheimer’s, a condition that affects millions of people around the globe and has no cure.

Finally this week, a new study reveals the role of vascular system cells—pericytes—in the formation of long-term memories of life events—memories that are lost in diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease. 

Weekly Neuroscience Update

Dietary phospholipid intervention could prevent brain aging by maintaining lipid homeostasis and enhancing synaptic plasticity. Credit: Wei Xiong et al.

A new review highlights the significant role of dietary lipids in preventing brain aging and cognitive decline. As the global burden of aging-related brain diseases, particularly dementia, continues to rise, this research offers promising insights into potential nutritional interventions that could improve brain function during aging.

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks may be one of the mechanisms that link traumatic brain injury (TBI) with dementia, according to a new hypothesis.

Short-term exposure to air pollution may be linked to an increased risk of stroke, according to a meta-analysis published in Neurology. Short-term exposure was defined as occurring within five days of the stroke.

People with a higher cumulative estrogen exposure throughout their life may have a lower risk of cerebral small vessel disease, according to a new study.

New research is painting a clearer picture of the early signs of multiple sclerosis (MS), showing that people are nearly twice as likely to experience mental illness in the years leading up to the onset of the disease.

Increased TV/DVD screen time at 1 and 2 years of age negatively affects developmental performance at 2 and 3 years of age, according to a study published in JAMA Pediatrics.

Whether you are an early bird or a night owl, your internal clock plays a critical role in maximizing your mental performance, according to a recent study. This effect is so strong that it can significantly impact academic performance for adolescent students and the results of brain health assessments for older adults.

Researchers are using ultra-high field 7 Tesla MRI to provide a better understanding of how sleep is regulated.

A new study suggests a common brain network exists among people with substance use disorder. By evaluating data from across more than 144 studies of addiction, the team found abnormalities across substance use disorders mapped to a common brain network across substances and lesion locations, suggesting a potential brain circuit to target with neurostimulation therapies.

Finally this week, people differ significantly in their memory performance and researchers have now discovered that certain brain signals are related to these differences.

Weekly Neuroscience Update

A new study sheds light on the neural underpinning of subjective odor perceptions.

New research has found that cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) can significantly reduce the burden of fibromyalgia in part by reducing pain-catastrophizing, a negative cognitive and emotional response that can intensify pain through feelings of helplessness, rumination and intrusive thoughts. This finding is backed by neuroimaging data, evidencing reduced connectivity between regions of the brain associated with self-awareness, pain and emotional processing.

Researchers have discovered how an active form of a gene present in 75% of the human population works to protect the brain against neurodegeneration.

A recent study provides new insight into the relationship between the release of the neurotransmitter dopamine and decision-making processes. The scientists found that when dopamine is released, decisions are made faster, but tend to be more inaccurate.

A new study recently published in JAMA Neurology provides insights into the complex and intricate relationship of contact sports and the risk of dementia.

A team of leading clinicians, engineers, and neuroscientists has made a groundbreaking discovery in the field of treatment-resistant depression. By analyzing the brain activity of patients undergoing deep brain stimulation (DBS), a promising therapy involving implanted electrodes that stimulate the brain, the researchers identified a unique pattern in brain activity that reflects the recovery process in patients with treatment-resistant depression.

Scientists have revealed how the effects of psychosis spread throughout the brain.

Researchers have identified new regions of the brain crucial to the formation of long-term memory, challenging the conventional notion that the hippocampus is central to memory consolidation, by demonstrating that a different set of brain networks play a role.

Finally this week, scientists have revealed the molecular structure of a type of receptor that’s crucial to brain development and function.

Weekly Neuroscience Update

Single-trial dynamics in LIP and SC are different. (Neuron, 2023)

A new paper, published in Neuron, highlights the role of the superior colliculus (SC), a structure in the midbrain, in terminating decisions.

Degeneration of dopaminergic neurons is widely accepted as the first event that leads to Parkinson’s, but a new study suggests that a dysfunction in the neuron’s synapses—the tiny gap across which a neuron can send an impulse to another neuron—leads to deficits in dopamine and precedes the neurodegeneration.

Depression, a challenging condition to diagnose early, may now be detected more promptly using a simple 1-minute Electroencephalogram (EEG) test at home.

Scientists have confirmed that human brains are naturally wired to perform advanced calculations, much like a high-powered computer, to make sense of the world through a process known as Bayesian inference.

New research shows how repeated traumatic brain injury contributes to Alzheimer’s disease.

Racial disparities can be seen in dementia severity, functional impairment, and neuropsychiatric symptoms among patients with frontotemporal dementia (FTD), according to a study recently published in JAMA Neurology.

A new study identifies a potential new approach to PTSD treatment.

Any head injury—even a mild one—raises a person’s risk of later having an ischemic stroke. Having multiple injuries increases that risk, even more so than the severity of a single traumatic brain injury, researchers have found.

New research finds that cerebrospinal fluid net flow is markedly decreased in Huntington’s disease, with the decrease being greater in the later stages of the disease.

The targeted use of ultrasound technology can bring about significant changes in brain function that could pave the way towards treatment of conditions such as depression, addiction, or anxiety, a new study suggests.

Finally this week, new research finds that antidepressants may actually reduce negative memories in individuals suffering from depression while improving overall memory function.

Weekly Neuroscience Update

 Credit: Institute for Basic Science

In a groundbreaking review paper published in Nature Reviews Neuroscience, scientists have shed new light on the role of GABA, a key signaling molecule in the brain.

Maternal structured lifestyle interventions during pregnancy based on a Mediterranean diet or mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) improve child neurodevelopmental outcomes at age 2 years, according to a study.

A new study supports widespread use of brain research probes in epilepsy patients.

Researchers who previously developed the first 3D human cell culture models of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) that displays two major hallmarks of the condition—the generation of amyloid beta deposits followed by tau tangles—have now used their model to investigate whether the exercise-induced muscle hormone irisin affects amyloid beta pathology.

Among people with benign recurrent vertigo (BRV), Meniere disease (MD), or vestibular migraine (VM) who have persistent vertigo attacks, there is no change in attack frequency over time, according to a new study.

Researchers have developed a molecular test to identify the presence of brain tumors by measuring abnormal genetic material shed by tumors and circulating in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). 

A study of twins shows that having a concussion early in life is tied to having lower scores on tests of thinking and memory skills decades later as well as having a more rapid decline in those scores than twins who did not have a concussion, or traumatic brain injury (TBI). 

Scientists have detailed how the activity of tactile neurons in the fingertip in response to an applied force is influenced by the fingertip’s mechanical memory of previous forces.

A paper published in Nature Communications shows that when neurons are given information about the changing world around them (task-related sensory input) it changes how they behave, putting them on edge so that tiny inputs can then set off “avalanches” of brain activity, supporting a theory known as the critical brain hypothesis.

Finally, this week, a new finding published in the journal JAMA Pediatrics, shows that the amount of screen time spent by one-year-olds is associated with developmental delays.

Weekly Neuroscience Update

Credit: Nature (2023)

A new study has identified the link between memory and appetite.

Scientists have made a ‘paradigm shifting’ discovery on the mechanisms required for learning and memory that could lead to new therapies for Alzheimer’s disease and potentially Down syndrome.

Researchers have analyzed which physiological indicators recorded when watching a movie can predict the audience’s assessment. It turned out that the activity of zygomaticus major (the “smiling muscle”), heart rate variability and EEG indicators can tell us most about the viewer’s impression of the movie.

The largest genetic study of its kind has discovered specific changes in our DNA that increase the risk of developing epilepsy.

Researchers found that the skin, not pre-existing genetic programming, instructs nerve cells on how to mature for specific sensory tasks. The findings showcase that skin cues determine whether nerve endings develop to detect sensations in hairy or hairless skin. If corroborated by further research, this discovery could pave the way for therapies to mend damaged nerves or better comprehend congenital neuropathies.

A new study has explored the link between infant birthweight, gestational age and future cognitive problems.

Researchers have successfully developed temporary, organic electrodes that can be seamlessly integrated into biological systems. The method opens up a future where bioelectronics can be implanted in and removed from the body without surgery.

New research shows wildfire smoke impacts on the brain.

A new study has found that, among a sample of 152 young athletes exposed to repetitive head impacts (RHI) who were under age 30 at the time of death, 41.4% (63) had neuropathological evidence of CTE, a degenerative brain disease caused by RHI.

New research supports the idea that the brains of older adults who maintain physical fitness by engaging in regular strenuous exercise more closely resemble those of younger adults.

Researchers have succeeded in transforming brain signals into audible speech. By decoding signals from the brain through a combination of implants and AI, they were able to predict the words people wanted to say with an accuracy of 92 to 100%. Their findings are published in the Journal of Neural Engineering.

Finally this week, a virtual reality study has revealed a link between a sense of presence and cognitive abilities.

Weekly Neuroscience Update

Smaller Left vmPFC was associated with future smoking. Credit: Nature Communications (2023)

Levels of gray matter in two parts of the brain may be linked to a desire to start smoking during adolescence and the strengthening of nicotine addiction, a new study has shown.

Researchers have enabled machine learning to accurately predict Parkinson’s disease subtypes using stem cell images. This breakthrough showcases computer models classifying four Parkinson’s subtypes, with top accuracies reaching 95%. This could revolutionize personalized medicine and aid in more targeted drug research for Parkinson’s.

A large international team of medical researchers has found that the severity of COVID-19 infections in children over the course of the pandemic varied by age and viral variant.

Researchers have illuminated how our brain maintains focus amidst distractions. Their study identifies “visual-movement” neurons in the lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) that use coordinated activity called “beta bursts” to suppress distracting stimuli and ensure attention remains on rewarding tasks. This discovery gives a deeper understanding of cognitive focus and offers insights into disorders like ADD and OCD.

More cases of children born with abnormal brain development may have genetic explanations than previously thought, according to a recent study published in JAMA Neurology.

Hearing impairment may cause difficulties in social interactions, but new research indicates that social struggles experienced by deaf individuals are likely not due to brain alterations, but rather due to non-supportive environments.

Scientists have identified a series of processes that help the brain adapt to damage caused by breakdowns in circuits that govern movement, cognition and sensory perception.

For the first time, researchers have discovered that the ventral tegmental area (VTA) of the brain—a key structure involved in motivation and reward appreciation—has altered connectivity patterns with specific brain regions in patients with obesity. Individuals with obesity have hyper-connectivity of the VTA with part of the ventral occipitotemporal cortex (visual processing for food images) and hypo-connectivity with the left inferior frontal gyrus (associated with cognitive control), according to a new study in Obesity.

Researchers have identified a key pathway, involved in inflammation, which appears to be activated in people with long COVID who have symptoms of “brain fog.”

Using a novel approach of precision neuroimaging and high-resolution functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), a team of neuroscientists and physicists have discovered previously unknown cortical networks and shed light on the anatomical organization of the human memory system.

A pioneering scientific study has shown that the effects of multiple concussions in rugby players continue to have an impact on their brain even in retirement. 

Researchers have coupled the measurements of brain waves associated with disorders of consciousness (DoC) with glucose usage in specific brain areas, identifying where in the brain the waves might be generated.

A new study shows that brains with Alzheimer’s disease have subnormal levels of important dietary antioxidants.

A breakthrough project mapping brain changes in nearly 1,300 people diagnosed with six different types of mental illness has revealed the extraordinary diversity of brain changes found in people with conditions like major depression and schizophrenia.

Researchers have unveiled a promising link between adult education and reduced dementia risk. 

Neuroscientists have shown that adversities permanently change the functioning of the brain. Furthermore, an aberrant reaction of the brain to adversities is related to anxiety symptoms. This may have predictive value for the development of psychiatric disorders.

Finally this week, a new study identifies sex differences in the brain cell types responding to stress.

Unraveling the Intricacies of Working Memory and Cognitive Processing

When we engage our working memory, we temporarily retain information in our brain. A team of researchers has now demonstrated that the key to understanding working memory relies not only on what one is storing in memory but also why – highlighting the “working” aspect of working memory, which underscores the purpose of storing information in the first place. Specifically, the study focuses on both how we store the visual properties of our memories in the occipital lobe, where our visual system resides, and on how the neural codes that store those memories change over time as people begin to prepare a response that depends on the memory.

In the study, the response simply required people to look where they remembered an object that disappeared several seconds ago. This sheds light on the intricate interplay between memory formation and the cognitive processes that guide our actions. As you read this sentence, for example, your working memory holds the words temporarily, and this could influence how you interpret the information and potentially respond to it. The importance of working memory to many of our cognitive abilities is well known, but less clear are the neurological machinations driving this process.

According to conventional textbook theories, the encoding patterns within our working memory remain constant over time. This signifies that the neural activity pattern responsible for storing a specific visual memory remains unchanged from its initial encoding, regardless of whether it’s been a mere second or a substantial 10 seconds. These intricate neural activity patterns serve as the repositories of visual memories, effectively forming a temporal bridge that connects a past stimulus with a forthcoming memory-guided response.

However, recent investigations involving animals have revealed that the neural patterns responsible for memory are notably more fluid. In fact, the stability of memory codes has been brought into question, as they seem to exhibit perplexing changes over time.

To delve into this phenomenon, researchers Li and Curtis, known for their prior breakthroughs in deciphering the organization of our working memory within the brain, developed innovative techniques. Their goal was to not only quantify the shifting neural dynamics but also to render these dynamics intelligible. To achieve this, they projected intricate neural measurements onto a simple 2D plane, akin to the screen of a laptop or smartphone.

The accompanying video vividly illustrates the progression of neural activity during a working memory trial. Initially, a cluster of activity emerges, encoding the briefly presented visual target (depicted as a pink circle), evident in both the primary visual cortex (V1) and a higher-level visual area (V3AB). In V3AB, this activity cluster remains fixed at the target location throughout the memory retention period. However, within V1, a line of activity evolves during the delay period between the individual’s current gaze direction (indicated by a pink cross) and the intended eye movement after the delay.

The researchers posit that this evolving line represents the projected path of the intended gaze shift that individuals are mentally rehearsing but have yet to execute.

While prior research had documented the dynamic nature of neural activity during working memory, the underlying cause for these dynamics had remained enigmatic. The latest findings help shed light on this puzzle. They suggest that these dynamic neural patterns are manifestations of the transformation of past sensory experiences—what has recently been perceived—into anticipated behaviors guided by memory—what actions might be taken based on that memory.

More information: Clayton E. Curtis, Neural population dynamics of human working memory, Current Biology (2023). DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.07.067www.cell.com/current-biology/f … 0960-9822(23)01039-4

Weekly Neuroscience Update

Scientists have shown that the hypothalamus, a key region of the brain involved in controlling appetite, is different in the brains of people who are overweight and people with obesity when compared to people who are a healthy weight.

Researchers have shown in lab-based experiments that variants of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, can affect the blood-brain barrier and damage brain cells in different ways.

Unlike previously thought, speech production and singing are supported by the same circuitry in the brain. Observations in a new study can help develop increasingly effective rehabilitation methods for patients with aphasia.

Scientists have discovered an additional potential cause of the genetic mutations that result in rare conditions such as Huntington’s disease (HD).

Neuroscientists report the first results from experimental tests designed to explore the idea that “forgetting” might not be a bad thing, and that it may represent a form of learning—and outline results that support their core idea.

The largest-ever study of the genetics of the brain—encompassing some 36,000 brain scans—has identified more than 4,000 genetic variants linked to brain structure.

A first-in-human trial of deep brain stimulation (DBS) for post-stroke rehabilitation patients has shown that using DBS to target the dentate nucleus—which regulates fine-control of voluntary movements, cognition, language, and sensory functions in the brain—is safe and feasible.

New research finds that genetic risk for higher blood pressure even in those in their 40s and 50s may contribute to poorer cognitive function.

An obscure class of molecules, part of the vast system that helps the human body distinguish “self” from “non-self,” may also hold the key to stopping SARS-CoV-2 from commandeering healthy cells, scientists have found in a series of experiments.

Scientists have discovered how HIV hijacks intracellular processes to proliferate and contribute to neurodegeneration, according to a new study published in Nature Communications.

Researchers have discovered a potential breakthrough for people with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS), marked by extreme exhaustion, post-exertional malaise and cognitive issues.

Finally this week, in a small, exploratory study, levels of certain types of microbes in babies’ guts have been shown to be associated with performance in tests of early cognitive development.